Sleep Deprivation

15% decrease in D1 receptor density in the striatum (72 hours)

No changes in D2 receptor density in the striatum (72 hours)

25% increase in D2 with restraint stress + sleep deprivation 72 hours

20% increase in D3 receptor density in the striatum (72 hours)

45% increase in cortisol without sleep (24 hours)

 37% increase in cortisol with partial sleep 1800 - 2300 hour period

Striatal DA was increased after 4 days and 10 days of REM sleep deprivation by 73 and 133%, respectively.

respectively when compared to controls. Levels of ACh in the striatum were significantly enhanced (by 28%) after 10 day, but failed to show significant change after 4 day REM sleep deprivation

Increases 5HT_2A by 9.6% after 24 hours

Fragmented sleep (4-5 hours/day) for 3 days causes brain neuron loss in brain stem (LC cells)

40% loss in brain stem (LC cells)  from 4 days without sleep