Projects

Ascorbic Acid

Oral half-life: 24.4 hours (30 minutes at concentrations ≥70uM [calculated to 2.34 mg/kg]) source source
Absorption half-life: 0.78 hours
Tmax: 2.1 hours source
Estimated tmax with high concentration dose: 0.89 hours
Volume of distribution: 0.19 mg/kg/L source
Bioavailability: 50%–90% (dose-dependant) source

Baseline plasma concentration is 65 umol/mL (calculated to 2.18 mg/kg [2.42 mg/kg adjusted for bioavailability]) source

Maximum concentration via oral administration: 220 micromol/L (calculated to 7.36 mg/kg)

Maximum concentration via IV administration: 26,000 micromol/L

Decreases urinary pH by 0.58 source
Renal threshold (excess is excreted unchanged): 1.4 mg/100 mL (calculated to 2.66 mg/kg) source

Diphenhydramine

Half-life: 8.4 hours
Median half-life: 4.3 hours
Volume of distribution: 4.5 L/kg
Clearance rate: 6.2 mL/min/kg
Tmax (oral): 2.3 hours
Absorption half-life: 33 minutes
Oral bioavailability: 72%

Half-life varies by age:

young males: 4.1 hours
elderly males: 7.4 hours
young females: 4.4 hours
elderly females: 4.9 hours

Source:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3760245/
https://accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04466.x
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenhydramine

Cephalexin

Plamsa half-life: 37 minutes
Volume of Distribution: 0.23 L/kg
Clearance Rate: 4.3 mL/min/kg
Tmax: 1 hour
Bioavailability: 90%
Plasma Protein Binding: 15%
Absorption half-life: 47 minutes

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/cephalexin

High Precision Z-score Table (8 Sigma)

Z-score table in PDF format: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y2dJiLjhZ7e_25y9Lyuq3ADN6CNir9iu/view

Here is a list of just a few of Z-scores, but the PDF shows a range from -8.17 to +8.17

Z-score	P value
-3.00	0.001345
-2.75	0.002980
-2.50	0.006210
-2.25	0.012224
-2.00	0.022750
-1.75	0.040059
-1.50	0.066807
-1.25	0.105650
-1.00	0.158655
-0.75	0.226627
-0.50	0.308538
-0.25	0.401294
0	0.500000
0.25	0.598706
0.50	0.691462
0.75	0.773373
1.00	0.841345
1.25	0.894350
1.50	0.933193
1.75	0.959941
2.00	0.977250
2.25	0.987776
2.50	0.993790
2.75	0.997020
3.00	0.998650
3.25	0.999423
3.50	0.999767
3.75	0.999912
4.00	0.999968
4.25	0.999989
4.50	0.999997
4.75	0.999999
5.00	0.9999997133484281

Calories Burnt Calculator

Net Heart Rate:

Body Mass:

Minutes:

Formula:
MET at rest = 1
HR_net = HR - HR_rest
MET = 0.05 * HR_net + 2
Calorie(s) = (MET * kg * 3.5) / 200 * minutes

Stars in The Milky Way

Star Type	Average Mass	Temperature	Prevalence
O	50 M ☉	30,000 - 52,000 K	0.00003%
B	9 M ☉	10,000 - 30,000 K	0.13%
A	2 M ☉	7,500 - 10,000 K	0.6%
F	1.2 M ☉	6,000 - 7,500 K	3%
G	1 M ☉	5,200 - 6,000 K	7.6%
K	0.6 M ☉	3,700 - 5,200 K	12.1%
M	0.2 M ☉	2,400 - 3,700 K	76.45%

Average overall star mass using this data is 0.36125 ☉

Estimated average diameter of star based on custom information: 0.3652285 ☉

Speed of Sound Calculator

Formula: 331 + 0.6 * temp

Formula: (v - 331) / 0.6

Paraxanthine

Half-life: 1 hour
Volume of distribution: 1.5 L/kg
Clearance rate: 0.9 L/h/kg

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2859173/

Cyanocobalamin

Half-life: 21.6 minutes

Tmax: 1 hour

Absorption half-life: 2 hours

Volume of distribution: 140 mL

Clearance rate: 4.5 mL/min

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15730428/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555964/

Pyridoxine

Half-life: 0.5 hours

Tmax: 1.25 hours

Absorption half-life: 1.7 hours

Half-life (iv): 0.11 hours

Metabolites:

Pyrixodal 5-phosphate half-life: 31.5 hours

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8229700/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3857125/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0076687997810476

Math-Fluency IQ Test

180 s

You will be given 180 seconds to answer as many questions as possible. At the end, your Math-Fluency IQ will be shown on screen.
The average person can complete 103 math problems within 180 seconds, with a standard deviation of 26.

IQ Subtests Grade Equivalence

Subject Grade/Age Standard Deviation

Subject	US Grade Standard Deviation	Age Standard Deviation
Math Problem Solving	6	7.2
Math Fluency-Addition	3.8	4.1
Math Fluency-Subtraction	5.4	5.8
Math Fluency-Multiplication	7.2	7.6
Sentence Composition	5.3	6.4
Spelling	5.4	6.3

Factors Affecting IQ

Average IQ has been decreasing by 0.23 points per year since 1975 (and is still decreasing).^[1]

People diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder have lower IQ's on average^[2][3] While people with ASPD have lower IQ's on average, no studies suggest sadism effects IQ, which has a prevalence of 54%^[4]

The prevalence for psychopathy is 5.4%, this can vary from 1.1% to 10.9% with a 95% Confidence Interval.^[5]

The prevalence of narcissism is increasing by 2.3% per decade, it is currently at 9.4% in ages 20-29.^[6]

Below is a table of the average IQ in variables.

Variable	Fluid IQ	SD	Prevalence	Source
Psychopathy	85	13	5.4%	(Hampton A., et al., 2013)^[3]
Narcissism	90	13	9.4%	NO LONGER AVAILABLE
Schizophrenia	85	17	0.3%	(Chamorro L., et al., 2008)[7]
Autism	115	13	0.6%	(Dawson M., et al., 2015)[8]

Severe anxiety disorder, which is less common than regular anxiety (3%), has an average FSIQ of 119 with an SD of 9^[9]

Naringenin

Tmax: 3.17±0.74 hours src

Half-life: 3 hours

Clearance rate: 10.21±2.34 L/h

Absorption half-life: 1.6 hours

Increases caffeine half-life by 31% (20%-44%) src

0.5 g l-naringin per 1.2 L grapefruit juice

1.56 mg naringenin per 100 mL grapefruit juice src

Ethanol

Elimination rate: 0.15±4 g/kg/hour

Tmax: 7 minutes

Absorption rate: 1.78 mg/dL/min

concentration formula: mL * percentage * (ethanoldensity=0.78945) = grams

(g/kg) / 10 = BAC

Listerine mouthwash can create a false-positive BAC of 0.21, which decreases until reaching 0.00 after 9 minutes.

Source

Source (absorption)

Omeprazole

Half-life: 0.85 hours

Volume of Distribution: 0.76 +/- 0.26l/kg ref

Clearance Rate: 0.62 +/- 0.27 L/h/kg

o.m. = every morning

IR Tmax o.m.: 32 minutes ref

DR Tmax o.m.: 97 minutes

Absorption half-life: 10.5 minutes

Tmax: 1.9 hours (old, but still keeping it here)ref

Increases gastric pH by 5 (7 pH)

Gastric pH increased from 2.4 to 6.5 (4.1 pH increase) with 1 mg/kg, and 2.2 to 6.9 (4.7 pH increase) with 2 mg/kg.

https://www.redalyc.org/journal/2950/295047693006/html/
See Fig. 1

PPIs (omeprazole) decreased dextroamphetamine's median tmax by 1.25 hours (from 4 to 2.75 hours) when administered as Adderall XR.
PPIs (omeprazole) decreased levoamphetamines's median tmax by 2.5 hours (from 5.5 to 3 hours) when administered as Adderall XR.
Source for above: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=35744538-1704-4ee0-954d-52710cf3456d&type=display

Fig. 7.7

Due to covalent bonding to ATPase pump, the duration of action for omeprazole is 28 hours (significantly longer than the half-life).
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/proton-pump-inhibitor